View source for British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: Canadian Bases

During World War II Canada participated in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) which was a military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The United Kingdom was considered an unsuitable location for air training, due to the possibility of enemy attack, the strain caused by wartime traffic at airfields and the unpredictable climate. For that reason the training was done in the other countries, much of it in Canada. The plan was responsible for training nearly half the pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, air gunners, wireless operators and flight engineers who served with the Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Royal New Zealand Air Force during the war. From 1939 to 1944, the Canadian participation in the plan involved the engineering and construction of 300 installations. Seventeen of which were located in Manitoba plus an additional nine satellite airfields. 

==The Program==

===Why===
Facilities were required to train wartime aircrew personnel for combat roles away from the conflict in the United Kingdom and Europe. The facilities included aerodromes, landing strips, training schools, and living quarters.

===How===
Standardized plans were developed for a range of common structures and facilities. The hangers were of wood construction using modified Warren trusses for the roof. The hanger design was such that it could be doubled in length and width as required. The sewer and water services were designed on a site-specific basis. 

===Supporting Infrastructure===
In addition to the hangers and runways, each station or school was comparable to a small municipality with all the required essential services such as light, power, sewer, water, roads, rail, telephone, and firefighting.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;"
|+Table 1: Air Base Statistics from Across Canada
|-
|Aerodromes & Landing Strips||175
|-
|Hangers and Drill Halls||700
|-
|Other Buildings||8,000	
|-
|Water Mains||1,700,000 l.f.
|-
|Sewer Lines||1,670,000 l.f. 
|-
|Roads||750 miles
|-
|Railway Sidings||70 miles
|-
|Petroleum Storage||500 units
|-
|Telephone Lines||40,000 miles
|-
|Paved Areas (runways etc.)||eq. to 4,000 miles of highway 20 ft wide
|}


[[File:Air Training  - Figure 1.png|thumb|center|800px|Figure 1: Location of Main Installations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan]]

==Brandon: #12 Service Flying Training School==
Brandon was one of the largest installations in Manitoba. It comprised of five hangers, 30 buildings, and other facilities such as a hospital, fire hall, sewer and water system, and seven miles of asphalt runways.    

Construction of the entire installation was built during winter conditions from November 1940 to May 1941, and required accommodations for 1800 construction personnel. Heat for the concrete and asphalt was provided by using steam engines from local area farmers.


<div><ul> 
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Air Training  - Figure 2.png|thumb|none|300px|Figure 2: Former Brandon BCATP Building, Now a Museum]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Air Training  - Figure 3.png|thumb|none|300px|Figure 3: Example of a BCATP Hanger, Brandon Manitoba Museum]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Air Training  - Figure 5.png|thumb|none|300px|Figure 4: Roof Truss System, Brandon Manitoba Museum 2012]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Air Training  - Figure 4.png|thumb|none|240px|Figure 5: Interior of Hanger No. 14 at Edmonton City Centre Airport, Courtesy of CSCE and Ken Johnson]] </li>
</ul></div>

==Influence==
* The program and its facilities enabled the allied forces to establish trained air forces that were vital to the war effort.
* After the War it provided a legacy of air transport infrastructure in Canada, and in particular western Canada. The station at Brandon Manitoba continues to serve as the cities airport to this day.

==Associated Organizations==
* The Royal Canadian Air Force
* The Government of Canada
* The British Commonwealth Countries

==Key Players==
* Richard R. Collard of the Winnipeg construction firm Carter-Halls & Aldinger
* Of lesser authority, R. A. McLellan, which later went on to be a founding partner of Underwood McLellan and Associates (UMA Engineering), which later became apart of AECOM
* W.G. McKay, later President of UMA Engineering 

==References==
===Printed===
#McLellan, Roy A. (1959) A Day to Day Experiences During World War I and World War II. UMA Engineering (unpublished) 
#Canadian Civil Engineer, May 2012, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering  

===Web Links===
#http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Air_Training_Plan
#http://www.junobeach.org/e/4/can-tac-air-bca-e.htm
#http://www.airmuseum.ca/bcatp.html
#http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_Commonwealth_Air_Training_Plan_facilities_in_Canada